South Africa faces a severe challenge with the foot-and-mouth disease outbreak, now classified as a national disaster. President Cyril Ramaphosa announced this during his State of the Nation Address on 13 February 2026, highlighting the outbreak's impact on the cattle industry and economy. The classification triggers coordinated government action to contain the disease, which has spread across nearly all provinces since April 2025.

Authorities report 836 confirmed cases as of 16 February 2026, affecting farms nationwide. This step aims to mobilize resources and support vaccination efforts.

FMD Outbreak Classified as National Disaster

The National Disaster Management Centre classified foot-and-mouth disease as a national disaster under Section 23 of the Disaster Management Act. Dr Elias Sithole, head of the centre, issued the notice, calling on all government spheres to strengthen support and implement measures. This classification acknowledges the outbreak's severity and assigns coordination to the national executive.

The disease has led to quarantine of infected properties, restricting movement of cloven-hoofed animals and products. Farmers must enhance biosecurity to prevent further spread.

Massive Vaccination Drive Launched

Minister of Agriculture John Steenhuisen revealed that one million high-potency foot-and-mouth disease vaccine doses from Argentina arrive this weekend, with five million more following in March. The strategy targets vaccinating South Africa's 14 million cattle, requiring 28 million doses over the next 12 months. Private veterinarians can now register to administer vaccines under the Animal Diseases Act.

Steenhuisen joined Western Cape Premier Alan Winde for a vaccination event in Fisantekraal on 16 February 2026. Officials use ear-tag identification for vaccinated animals instead of traditional marking. This shift improves tracking during the rollout.

Reactions from Industry Leaders

Southern African Agricultural Initiative CEO Francios Rossouw welcomed the vaccination plan as a positive step but questioned the department's capacity to execute it. Similarly, TLU SA chair Bennie van Zyl noted that the national disaster classification allows resource allocation, yet availability remains uncertain.

AfriForum disaster management specialist Tarien Cook explained that classification under Section 23 determines government responsibility, while a full declaration under Section 27 would unlock emergency funds and purchases. Industry groups like the Red Meat Industry Services praised the move for aiding containment.

The outbreak has caused export bans and trade restrictions, harming the economy. Government continues to monitor and respond.